According to American Hospital Association statistics, hospital outpatient surgeries, which do not require overnight hospital stays, have increased by more than 2 million, to 14.7 million, between 1993 and 1997; and inpatient surgeries, which require a stay of more than a day, have decreased by nearly 700,000 to 9.5 million during the same time period. As these statistics indicate, more people than ever before are "going under the knife" as the prospect of surgery becomes less daunting and more readily available.

Not surprisingly, a large and rapidly growing proportion of these surgeries consist of cosmetic, or "plastic," surgeries. Over the past two years alone, the number of plastic surgeries has increased by 50%, with more than a million performed in 1999 alone. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the most popular procedure in 1999 was liposuction—the removal of fat from the body by means of a suction device, followed by breast augmentation, eyelid surgery, facelift, and chemical peel—the removal of the top layer of skin from the face by chemical means. These surgeries are performed not so much to improve or maintain the health of the patient but to "aesthetically enhance" his or her physical features.

With many of these surgeries, however, there has come unforeseen risks. Breast augmentation surgery, for one, has sparked multi-billion-dollar class action law suits against the manufacturers of the breast implants, the silicon prostheses inserted during the surgery. Early studies suggested that silicon may leak into patients' bodies, causing significant physical damage, although more recent studies have indicated no convincing evidence that breast implants can be harmful. Other cosmetic surgical procedures such as liposuction, however, may result in unforeseen physical damage. Thus, although intended to improve one's physical image, plastic surgery sometimes can gravely endanger one's health.

Journal of Surgery and Anesthesia addresses all aspects of surgery & anesthesia practice, including anesthetic administration, pharmacokinetics, preoperative and postoperative considerations, coexisting disease and other complicating factors, General Surgery, Robotic Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, GI Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Urology, Surgical Oncology, Radiology, Ophthalmology, Pediatric Surgery, Trauma Services, Minimal Access Surgery, Endocrine Surgery, Colorectal Surgery, Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Techniques and Procedures, Preoperative and Postoperative Patient Management, Complications in Surgery and New Developments in Instrumentation and technology related to surgery, Intra-Operative Regional Anesthesia Administration Techniques, Peri-Operative Pain, Obstetric Anesthesia, Pediatric Anesthesia, General Anesthesia, Sedation, Regional Anesthesia, Outcome Studies and Associated Complications, etc. Journal of Surgery and Anesthesia accepts manuscripts in the form of original research articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, letters to editor and editorials for publication in an open access platform.

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Kate Williams

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Journal of Surgery and Anesthesia.