As many as one in five people with diabetes may have Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN), a crippling complication of the disease. PDN is difficult to objectively assess, making it difficult to diagnose and evaluate in both clinical practise and clinical trials. There is no one treatment that can stop or reverse neuropathic alterations or completely relieve pain. Three main techniques are used to treat PDN: symptomatic pain management, medications based on pathogenesis mechanisms, and intensive glycaemic control and risk factor management. Clinical recommendations advise using antidepressants like amitriptyline and duloxetine, the -aminobutyric acid analogues gabapentin and pregabalin, opioids, and topical medications like capsaicin to treat PDN pain. The peripheral nerve fibres suffer from diffuse damage in peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes is the most frequent cause of peripheral neuropathy, and maximum of diabetic people also have this condition. The most prevalent form of diabetic neuropathy, Diabetic Sensorimotor Poly Neuropathy (DSPN), is linked to a lower quality of life, considerable morbidity, and higher medical expenses. The prevalence of (PDN) sensations is higher in type 2 diabetes, women, and South Asians. These symptoms can be crippling and can disrupt sleep, create anxiety, and impair physical function.

PDN is primarily diagnosed clinically, using a history of neuropathic pain and confirmatory examination results to identify impairments related to neuropathy. However, one could counter that diagnosing neuropathy through tests that measure big fibre deficits is irrelevant to painful symptoms that are mostly caused by small fibre loss. Patients experience 'glove-and-stocking'-style distal-to-proximal pain that is intermittent or constant and described as searing, stabbing, tingling, numb, hot, cold, or itchy, commonly starting in the feet. The exclusion of other possible causes of neuropathy is necessary if peripheral neuropathy is discovered in a patient. Once PDN has been diagnosed, two therapeutic modalities are available: pathogenesis treatments, which try to stop underlying pathophysiological processes and prevent the loss of nerve fibres, and symptomatic treatments, which aim to treat the unpleasant PDN symptoms and restore normal physical and psychological functioning. Some PDN patients might not have sufficient alleviation from traditional therapy or might experience negative side effects from the recommended treatments. There have been suggested non-pharmacological treatments for these people.

Frequency-modulated electromagnetic neural stimulation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation are a few of the electrical stimulation techniques that have been utilised to treat diabetic neuropathy's pain. PDN is widespread and is linked to a serious decline in persons with diabetes' quality of life. It continues to be underdiagnosed and undertreated despite its heavy impact. The search continues for a medication that can heal damaged nerves, translate it into clinical trials, and then be licenced for use in clinical practise. No treatment option—despite the existence of several alternatives and the development of numerous recommendations and algorithms—is sufficient. Only three drugs are now FDA-approved for PDN, despite the fact that several symptomatic therapies have been suggested to manage neuropathic pain.

Integrative Neuroscience Research Journal is peer reviewed that focuses on the topics include Neurological research, Neurophysiology, Cognitive neurological research, Molecular behavioural, Developmental, Mathematical and computational research related to neuroscience.

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Integrative Neuroscience Research