Challenges impacting giant goiter surgery

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Journal of Thyroid Disorders & Therapy offers the most comprehensive and reliable information pertaining to the latest developments in the field. The Journal also believes in advancing new hypotheses and opinions by means of its high quality Reviews, Perspectives, and Commentaries. Thus, the content published in the journal is original and comprehensive.

Enlargement of thyroid gland leads to goiter. The thyroid gland enlarges in order to comply with the pituitary’s demands. Symptoms include enlargement of the throat, which may range from a small lump to a huge mass, breathing problems, swallowing problems. Goiter may be of two types endemic and sporadic goiter.

Thyroid disease is prevalent in Africa. Regional governments’ and NGO’s effort to establish tertiary institutions and facilitate surgical outreaches have yielded little. Globally, health funding faces scarcity. Third world countries have been identified with neglected Thyroid disease like big goiters causing disfigurements, upper airway and gastrointestinal tract obstruction or neck vasculature engorgement. Longstanding cases may undergo malignant transformation or extend retrosternally. This was a prospective cohort selected from a pool of operated Thyroid patients at Breast and Endocrine Unit of Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Kampala Uganda. Averagely, six (6) Thyroidectomies are done every week. Two (2) out of these qualified for the study as having giant goiter. Surgery necessitated the team’s lobbying for ICU space, meticulous peri-operative involvement of anesthesiology residents and undertaking thorough investigations. Age range of patients was 15 – 70 years with majority in the 40-60 year age bracket; a female preponderance of 8:1. Average operative time was 4 hours with about half utilized by anesthesia. Challenges encountered included team building, scarce surgical instruments, managing difficult airway, extracting impacted retrosternal goitre, encountering the markedly engorged neck vessels and ICU space. Loss to follow up after discharge was about 30%. Despite innumerable challenges, the result shows that 95% of our patients get successful surgery; 4% develop transient complications like hoarseness and hypocalcaemia. One patient required tracheostomy. Giant Thyroid is fairly common at Mulago. Its surgery is challenging. With organized team, competence, overall surgical results are comparable to those in well facilitated centers even amidst scarce resources.

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Regards
Denise Williams
Editorial Manager     
Journal of Thyroid Disorders & Therapy
E-mail id: Thyroiddisorders@emedscholar.com